Abstract

Women throughout the world, regardless of their characteristics (place of residence, age, level of education, etc.), are subjected to violence in different contexts and in different forms.
In order to act against this gender-based violence, it is necessary to have a precise knowledge of its extent, its nature and also the factors that increase a woman's risk of being a victim of violence.
Data from the HCP 2019 survey show that with a prevalence of 46.1% (5.3 million women aged 15 to 74), the marital context remains the space most marked by violence.
Also, 22.2% of women have been victims of physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months, with a prevalence of 14.2% in the marital context, which is supposed to be a safe and protective space.
Given that the marital context is the one where violence based on gender relations occurs the most, and because of the complexity of the definition and psychological violence, this work focuses specifically on physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated against women aged 15 to 49 by an intimate partner in the 12 months preceding the survey.
Thus, in Morocco, 17% of women and girls aged 15-49 have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the past 12 months.
Given that risk factors are not necessarily causes of violence but a combination of individual, relationship, community, and societal factors, we will limit ourselves in this study to individual factors, either related to the victim or to her partner, which can be used to estimate the probability of a woman being a victim of physical and/or sexual violence.
Thus, in this work, after presenting a brief review of the literature on theoretical and empirical works that have dealt with the problem of domestic violence, we will resort to a descriptive analysis (univariate and bivariate) of the prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence, with a view to selecting the main demographic or socio-economic factors likely to influence violence against women. Some international comparisons will also be presented to show the situation of Moroccan women in relation to others.
In order to capture the isolated effect of all these factors, we finally use a logit or probit econometric model to explain the risk that a woman is a victim of physical and/or sexual violence by her partner.
The data used in this work is taken from the national survey on violence against women conducted by the HCP in 2019 among 12,000 women aged 15 to 74 years.
Keywords: prevalence of domestic violence, determinants, bivariate analysis, logit model.
1 Statistician-Engineer Head of socioeconomic House hold Survey, High Commission for Planning s.drissielbouzaidi@hcp.ma
2Economist at the Observatory of Living Conditions of the Population, High Commission for Planning, a.ezzrari@hcp.ma